汽车空调压缩机常见故障与检漏方法

  • Article source:Industry News
  • Website editor:莱诺真空泵
  • Reading volume:
  • Publication time:2020-05-21 08:29:37

一、压缩机常见故障

汽车空调系统的大多数运动件都在压缩机上,因此压缩机的检修量最大。一般压缩机常见的故障有卡住、泄漏、压缩机运转不良和异响过大4种

1、卡住

卡住是压缩机卡住时不能转动。卡住的原因通常是润滑不良或者没有润滑。如果发现离合器或传动带打滑,在排除离合器和传动带的故障后,一般都是由压缩机卡住所致

2、泄漏

泄漏也是压缩机常见的故障。压缩机泄漏有漏油和漏气两种情况,泄漏轻微,只泄漏制冷剂;严重时,既泄漏制冷剂又泄漏冷冻机油。如果压缩机的缸体上出现裂纹产生泄漏,则应更换压缩机

3、压缩机运转不良

压缩机出现运转不良,压缩产生温度更高的蒸气,这样来回循环,会把冷冻机油烧焦,造成压缩机报废

4、异响

主要由离合器结合时打滑发出或者由于传动带过松或磨损引起。传动带轮轴承润滑不良,也会引起异响

二、压缩机外部泄漏制冷剂的检查方法

1、检漏仪检漏

电子检漏仪是应用比较多的一种设备。电子检漏仪的工作原理是:在它的内部有一对电极,阳极由白金做成。当制冷剂流过两极之间,两极之间的电流会增大,以此为信号就可检漏出制冷系统的泄漏情况

2、压力检漏

采用的方法是向制冷系统充人空气(最好为氮气,因为氮气无水分),然后用肥皂水检漏。如果有泄漏,泄漏处会出现肥皂泡。这也是一种传统比较有效的检测方法

加压测试泄漏时,首先应正确连接歧管。在正确地把软管接到在压缩机的高、低压检修阀后,打开高低压检修阀,向系统中充人干燥氮气。压力在1. 5MPa左右。当系统达到规定压力后,用肥皂液涂抹在系统各个连接处和焊接处,仔细观察有无泄漏。泄漏大的地方有微小的声音,并出现大的泡沫;泄漏小的地方,则间断出现小的泡沫,所以检漏必须仔细,并反复检查几次。发现渗漏处要应作出记号并及时加以修复,然后再去试其他接头处,直到渗漏彻底消除

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